银盐干板的皱缩控制及其在彩色反射全息上的应用

分析了影响全息干板银盐乳胶在处理过程中收缩的几个因素，并通过实验，找出了在拍摄及处理体积反射全息图过程中，曝光量、漂白液温度及脱水的方式对乳胶收缩影响的规律.在此基础上提出控制乳胶的收缩，即控制反射全息图衍射波长的方法，从而达到彩色反射全息图的实现.实验结果表明该方法做出的全息图效果良好.     

三组元乳化液雾化特性的研究

采用Malvern粒度仪对柴油、甲醇和水三组元乳化液的雾化特性进行了研究。实验发现:对于压力雾化喷嘴来说,本文所涉及的乳化液由于粘度高于纯柴油,因此雾化效果比纯柴油差,而且喷射压力、乳化剂的粘度和乳化液的组份对乳化液的雾化特性具有显著的影响。随着喷射压力的升高,乳化液喷雾粒径将随之减小;若乳化液中柴油的含量(柴油不少于50％)降低,乳化液的雾化粒径将随之增加;若采用高粘度的乳化剂,相应乳化液喷雾的粒径也大。     

Block copolymers of acrylic acid and butyl acrylate prepared by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization: Synthesis,characterization, and use in emulsion polymerization

Amphiphilic block copolymers of poly(acrylic acid‐b‐butyl acrylate) were prepared by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization in a one‐pot reaction. These copolymers were characterized by NMR, static and dynamic light scattering, tensiometry, and size exclusion chromatography. The aggregation characteristics of the copolymers corresponded to those theoretically predicted for a star micelle. In a butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate emulsion polymerization, low amounts of these copolymers could stabilize latices with solid contents up to 50%. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 684–698, 2003     

Sterically stabilized emulsion polymerization of styrene: Pseudo‐semicontinuous approach

The sterically stabilized emulsion polymerization of styrene initiated by a water‐soluble initiator at different temperatures has been investigated. The rate of polymerization (R_p) versus conversion curve shows the two non‐stationary‐rate intervals typical for the polymerization proceeding under non‐stationary‐state conditions. The shape of the R_p versus conversion curve results from two opposite effects—the increased number of particles and the decreased monomer concentration at reaction loci as the polymerization advances. At elevated temperatures the monomer emulsion equilibrates to a two‐phase or three‐phase system. The upper phase is transparent (monomer), and the lower one is blue colored, typical for microemulsion. After stirring such a multiphase system and initiation of polymerization, the initial coarse polymer emulsion was formed. The average size of monomer/polymer particles strongly decreased up to about 40% conversion and then leveled off. The initial large particles are assumed to be highly monomer‐swollen particles formed by the heteroagglomeration of unstable polymer particles and monomer droplets. The size of the “highly monomer” swollen particles continuously decreases with conversion, and they merge with the growing particles at about 40–50% conversion. The monomer droplets and/or large highly monomer‐swollen polymer particles also serve as a reservoir of monomer and emulsifier. The continuous release of nonionic (hydrophobic) emulsifier from the monomer phase increases the colloidal stability of primary particles and the number of polymer particles, that is, the particle nucleation is shifted to the higher conversion region. Variations of the square and cube of the mean droplet radius with aging time indicate that neither the coalescence nor the Ostwald ripening is the main driving force for the droplet instability. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 804–820, 2003     

Singlewall carbon nanotubes covered with polystyrene nanoparticles by in‐situ miniemulsion polymerization

This work is to make carbon nanotubes dispersible in both water and organic solvents without oxidation and cutting nanotube threads. Polystyrene‐singlewall carbon nanotube (PS‐SWNT) composites were prepared with three different methods: miniemulsion polymerization, conventional emulsion polymerization, and mixing SWNT with PS latex. The two factors, crosslinking and surface coverage of PS are important factors for the mechanical and electrical properties, including dispersion states of SWNT in various solvents. The PS‐SWNT composite prepared via a conventional emulsion polymerization showed SWNT bundles entirely covered with PS, whereas the PS‐SWNT composite prepared via a miniemulsion polymerization showed SWNT partially covered with crosslinked PS nanoparticles. The method of mixing SWNTs with PS latex did not show the well dispersed state of carbon nanotubes because PS was not crosslinked and was dissolved in a solvent, and nanotubes separated from PS precipitated. So the PS nanoparticle‐SWNT composite had lower electrical resistance, and higher mechanical strength than the other composites made by the latter two methods. As the amount of SWNT increases, the bare surface area of SWNT increases and the electrical conductivity increases in the composite made by the miniemulsion polymerization. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 573–584, 2006     

Synthesis of polystyrene latex with amphoteric surfactant and its characterization

An emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of an amphoteric surfactant; N,N-dimethyl-n-laurylbetaine (LNB) was carried out at pH 7.0. The polymerization rate and the concentration of the latex particle were proportional to the LNB concentration of 0.6 power. The latex particle sizes became smaller with increasing concentrations of LNB. The molecular weights of polystyrene latices increased with the concentration of LNB. The zeta-potentials of latex particles were significantly dependent on the pH, and showed the existence of an isoelectric point.     

原子转移自由基聚合原位合成温敏性微球

以过硫酸钾为引发剂、丙酮-水[V(丙酮)∶V(水)＝4∶6]的混合溶剂为反应介质, 在少量二乙烯苯存在的条件下使苯乙烯(St)和对氯甲基苯乙烯(CMSt)进行无皂乳液共聚反应, 得到了粒径大小均匀的交联型聚苯乙烯(PSt)微球, 由X射线光电子能谱对表面组分测定发现: CMSt上的氯原子在聚合过程中富集于交联微球的表面. 以此交联型PSt微球为原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)的引发剂, 在22 ℃下引发N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)进行原位ATRP反应, 得到了表面原子转移自由基聚合接枝的交联聚苯乙烯(PNIPAAm-g-PSt)温敏性微球. 借助傅立叶变换红外光谱、差示扫描量热仪、扫描电子显微镜及激光光散射仪等对PNIPAAm-g-PSt的结构、相转变温度、形态及不同温度下的粒径变化进行了测定, 结果表明NIPAAm单体成功地原位ATRP接枝在交联PSt微球的表面, 接枝微球的球形更规整, 在水中的相转变温度约为32 ℃, 具有明显的温度敏感性.     

Production of submicron-size monodisperse polymer particles having aldehyde groups by seeded aldol condensation polymerization

Submicron-size monodisperse polystyrene/polyglutaraldehyde composite particles having aldehyde groups at the surfaces were produced by seeded aldol condensation polymerization of glutaraldehyde in the presence of polystyrene particles prepared by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization. This technique is expected to be useful for the production of size-controlled polymer particles having aldehyde groups.Part CXXXVI of the series Studies on Suspension and Emulsion     

INFLUENCES OF ACID POST-TREATMENT ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF SOAPFREE P（MMA-EA-MAA） PARTICLES PREPARED BY SEEDED EMULSION POLYMERIZATION

Soap-free poly（methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate-methacrylic acid） latex particles with narrow size distribution were synthesized by seeded emulsion polymerization, and the porous particles were created by a stepwise alkali/acid treatment method. Effects of acid treatment conditions on the particle morphology were investigated. Results show that one to three pores were formed inside most of particles after post-treatment. At pH 7.0, when the treatment temperature was lower than 70℃, the size of particles and the volume of pores remained almost unchanged, and these two values increased significantly when the temperature was higher than 70℃. Both the particle size and the pore volume decreased with the increase of initial pH value and treatment time in the acid treatment. As the pH was below 4.0 and the treatment time was longer than 180 min, the particles shrunk in size.     

3-取代-5(3-乙基-4,5-二苯基噻唑叉)洛丹宁的增感性能

简单份菁(或称零甲川份菁)是一种可以用作卤化银感光乳剂层感蓝增感的染料。彩色正性材料的发展,要求感蓝乳剂层使用氯溴化银乳剂,并配合使用感蓝增感染料以符合感蓝区域的光谱要求。以氩离子激光为光源的电子分色片乳剂要求对波长488nm附近有较高的敏感,此种乳剂本身感色范围偏离氩离子激光发射峰。寻找增感效率高、光谱增感峰适合的感蓝染料很有必要。本文用2-甲硫基-3-乙基-4,5二苯基噻唑对甲苯磺酸盐(1)分别与3-取代洛丹宁(2)在无水乙醇存在下反应,制得六个未见文献报导的3-取代-5-(3-乙基-